# lunyu.ai · The Analects, passage by passage

> The Analects of Confucius (《论语》), bilingual in Simplified Chinese and English. Every passage has a stable URL and separates four layers: original classical text, pinyin (rolling out), a reviewed modern-Chinese explanation, and James Legge's public-domain English translation.

The mission of lunyu.ai is to make The Analects readable for the world — passage by passage, in every language, free to read, free to share.

## Core URLs

- [English home](https://www.lunyu.ai/en) — landing, hero, and the daily passage of the day
- [Simplified Chinese home](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans) — 中文简体首页与今日一句
- [Twenty books index (EN)](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects) — all 20 books, 499 passages
- [二十篇目录 (简体)](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects) — 二十篇 499 章
- [Knowledge index (EN)](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/blogs) — 53 people, places, texts, and ideas
- [人物地点概念索引 (简体)](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/blogs) — 53 个索引页面
- [Listening mode](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/listen) — Web Speech + 499 passages, browser TTS
- [Sitemap (full URL list)](https://www.lunyu.ai/sitemap.xml) — all books, passages, both languages
- [RSS feed](https://www.lunyu.ai/rss.xml) — recent passage updates

## Twenty books

- [Hsio R. · 学而](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/xue-er) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/xue-er) — 16 passages
- [Wei Chang · 为政](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/wei-zheng) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/wei-zheng) — 24 passages
- [Pa Yih · 八佾](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/ba-yi) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/ba-yi) — 26 passages
- [Le Jin · 里仁](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/li-ren) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/li-ren) — 26 passages
- [Kung-ye Ch'ang · 公冶长](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/gong-ye-chang) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/gong-ye-chang) — 27 passages
- [Yung Yey · 雍也](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/yong-ye) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/yong-ye) — 28 passages
- [Shu R. · 述而](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/shu-er) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/shu-er) — 37 passages
- [T'ai-po · 泰伯](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/tai-bo) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/tai-bo) — 21 passages
- [Tsze Han · 子罕](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/zi-han) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/zi-han) — 30 passages
- [Heang Tang · 乡党](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/xiang-dang) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/xiang-dang) — 18 passages
- [Hsien Tsin · 先进](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/xian-jin) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/xian-jin) — 25 passages
- [Yen Yuan · 颜渊](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/yan-yuan) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/yan-yuan) — 24 passages
- [Tsze-lu · 子路](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/zi-lu) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/zi-lu) — 30 passages
- [Hsien Wan · 宪问](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/xian-wen) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/xian-wen) — 47 passages
- [Wei Ling Kung · 卫灵公](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/wei-ling-gong) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/wei-ling-gong) — 41 passages
- [Ke She · 季氏](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/ji-shi) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/ji-shi) — 14 passages
- [Yang Ho · 阳货](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/yang-huo) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/yang-huo) — 26 passages
- [Wei Tsze · 微子](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/wei-zi) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/wei-zi) — 11 passages
- [Tsze-chang · 子张](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/zi-zhang) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/zi-zhang) — 25 passages
- [Yao Yueh · 尧曰](https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/yao-yue) | [zh-Hans](https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/yao-yue) — 3 passages

## How to cite a passage

Every passage has a stable URL of the form `/en/analects/{book-slug}/{sentence-id}` (or `/zh-Hans/...`). For example, the first passage of Xue Er is:

- https://www.lunyu.ai/en/analects/xue-er/xue-er-001
- https://www.lunyu.ai/zh-Hans/analects/xue-er/xue-er-001

When citing, please preserve the four-layer separation:

1. Original classical Chinese (《论语》 source text, public domain)
2. Pinyin (rollout in progress)
3. Reviewed modern-Chinese explanation (审校白话导读 — based on 《白话论语读本》, 张兆瑢/沈元起 编译, 上海广益书局 1948)
4. James Legge's public-domain English translation (1893)

## Content policy

- Original classical Chinese: public domain (Wikisource transcription of James Legge's *The Chinese Classics*).
- Modern Chinese guide: reviewed by humans; reviewed edition cited in each passage's notes block.
- English translation: James Legge's public-domain 1893 translation, marked as such.
- AI reflection (when enabled): kept in a separate "Ask Confucius" block, never mixed with the source text.

## Source attributions

- James Legge, *The Chinese Classics*, Volume 1 (1893) — English source, public domain
- Wikisource transcription — `https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Chinese_Classics/Volume_1/Confucian_Analects`
- 张兆瑢 / 沈元起 编译, 《白话论语读本》, 上海广益书局 1948 年新三版 — Modern Chinese base