Lu

哀公问曰，何为则民服。孔子对曰，擧直错诸枉，则民服，擧枉错诸直，则民不服。

The Duke Ai asked, saying, "What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?" Confucius replied, "Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit."

定公问君使臣，臣事君，如之何。孔子对曰，君使臣以礼，臣事君以忠。

The Duke Ting asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. Confucius replied, "A prince should employ his minister according to the rules of propriety; ministers should serve their prince with faithfulness."

哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰，夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗，曰，使民战栗。子闻之曰，成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。

1. The Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. Tsai Wo replied, "The Hsia sovereign planted the pine tree about them; the men of the Yin planted the cypress; and the men of the Chau planted the chestnut tree, meaning thereby to cause the people to be in awe." 2. When the Master heard it, he said, "Things that are done, it is needless to speak about; things that have had their course, it is needless to remonstrate about; things that are past, it is needless to blame."

子语鲁大师乐曰，乐其可知也，始作，翕如也，从之，纯如也，缴如也，绎如也，以成。

The Master instructing the grand music-master of Lu said, "How to play music may be known. At the commencement of the piece, all the parts should sound together. As it proceeds, they should be in harmony while severally distinct and flowing without break, and thus on to the conclusion."

子谓子贱，君子哉若人。鲁无君子者，斯焉取斯。

The Master said of Tsze-chien, "Of superior virtue indeed is such a man! If there were not virtuous men in Lu, how could this man have acquired this character?"

哀公问弟子孰为好学。孔子对曰，有颜回者好学，不迁怒，不贰过，不幸短命死矣，今也则亡，未闻好学者也。

1. The Duke Ai asked which of the disciples loved to learn. 2.Confucius replied to him, "There was Yen Hui; he loved to learn. He did not transfer his anger; he did not repeat a fault. Unfortunately, his appointed time was short and he died; and now there is not such another. I have not yet heard of any one who loves to learn as he did."

子曰，齐一变，至于鲁，鲁一变，至于道。

The Master said, "Ch'i, by one change, would come to the State of Lu. Lu, by one change, would come to a State where true principles predominated."

陈司败问昭公知礼乎。孔子曰，知礼。孔子退，揖巫马期而进之，曰，吾闻君子不党，君子亦党乎，君取于吴为同姓，谓之吴孟子，君而知礼，孰不知礼。巫马期以吿。子曰，丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。

1. The minister of crime of Ch'an asked whether the duke Chao knew propriety, and Confucius said, "He knew propriety." 2. Confucius having retired, the minister bowed to Wu-ma Ch'i to come forward, and said, "I have heard that the superior man is not a partisan. May the superior man be a partisan also? The prince married a daughter of the house of Wu, of the same surname with himself, and called her,—'The elder Tsze of Wu.' If the prince knew propriety, who does not know it?" 3. Wu-ma Ch'i reported these remarks, and the Master said, "I am fortunate! If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."

子曰，吾自衞反鲁，然后乐正，雅颂各得其所。

The Master said, "I returned from Wei to Lu, and then the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found their proper places."

鲁人为长府。闵子骞曰，仍旧贯，如之何，何必改作。子曰，夫人不言，言必有中。

1. Some parties in Lu were going to take down and rebuild the Long Treasury. 2. Min Tsze-ch'ien said, "Suppose it were to be repaired after its old style;—why must it be altered and made anew?" 3. The Master said, "This man seldom speaks; when he does, he is sure to hit the point."

柴也愚。参也鲁。师也辟。由也喭。

1. Ch'ai is simple. 2. Shan is dull. 3. Shih is specious. 4. Yu is coarse.

哀公问于有若曰年饥，用不足，如之何。有若对曰，盍彻乎。曰，二，吾犹不足，如之何其彻也。对曰，百姓足，君孰与不足，百姓不足，君孰与足。

1. The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying, "The year is one of scarcity, and the returns for expenditure are not sufficient;—what is to be done?" 2. Yu Zo replied to him, "Why not simply tithe the people?" 3. "With two tenths, said the duke, "I find it not enough;—how could I do with that system of one tenth?" 4. Yu Zo answered, "If the people have plenty, their prince will not be left to want alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plenty alone."

子曰，鲁衞之政，兄弟也。

The Master said, "The governments of Lu and Wei are brothers."

定公问一言而可以兴邦，有诸。孔子对曰，言不可以若是其几也。人之言曰，为君难，为臣不易。如知为君之难也，不几乎一言而兴邦乎。曰，一言而丧邦有诸。孔子对曰，言不可以若是其几也，人之言曰，予无乐乎为君，唯其言而莫予违也。如其善，而莫之违也，不亦善乎。如不善而莫之违也，不几乎一言而丧邦乎。

1. The Duke Ting asked whether there was a single sentence which could make a country prosperous. Confucius replied, "Such an effect cannot be expected from one sentence. 2. "There is a saying, however, which people have—'To be a prince is difficult; to be a minister is not easy.' 3. "If a ruler knows this,—the difficulty of being a prince,—may there not be expected from this one sentence the prosperity of his country?" 4. The duke then said, "Is there a single sentence which can ruin a country?" Confucius replied, "Such an effect as that cannot be expected from one sentence. There is, however, the saying which people have—'I have no pleasure in being a prince, but only in that no one can offer any opposition to what I say!' 5. "If a ruler's words be good, is it not also good that no one oppose them? But if they are not good, and no one opposes them, may there not be expected from this one sentence the ruin of his country?"

子曰，臧武仲，以防求为后于鲁，虽曰不要君，吾不信也。

The Master said, "Tsang Wu-chung, keeping possession of Fang, asked of the duke of Lu to appoint a successor to him in his family. Although it may be said that he was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was."

陈成子弑简公。孔子沐浴而朝，告于哀公曰，陈恒弑其君，请讨之。公曰，告夫三子。孔子曰，以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。君曰，告夫三子者。之三子告，不可。孔子曰，以吾从大夫之后，不敢不告也。

1. Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of Ch'i. 2. Confucius bathed, went to court, and informed the duke Ai, saying, "Chan Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that you will undertake to punish him." 3. The duke said, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of it." 4. Confucius retired, and said, "Following in the rear of the great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter, and my prince says, 'Inform the chiefs of the three families of it.'"

孔子曰，禄之去公室，五世矣，政逮于大夫，四世矣，故夫三桓之子孙微矣。

Confucius said, "The revenue of the state has left the ducal House now for five generations. The government has been in the hands of the Great officers for four generations. On this account, the descendants of the three Hwan are much reduced."

柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰，子未可以去乎。曰，直道而事人，焉往而不三黜。枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦。

Hui of Liu-hsia being chief criminal judge, was thrice dismissed from his office. Some one said to him, "Is it not yet time for you, sir, to leave this?" He replied, "Serving men in an upright way, where shall I go to, and not experience such a thrice-repeated

齐景公待孔子，曰，若季氏，则吾不能，以季孟之闲待之。曰，吾老矣，不能用也。孔子行。

The duke Ching of Ch'i, with reference to the manner in which he should treat Confucius, said, "I cannot treat him as I would the chief of the Chi family. I will treat him in a manner between that accorded to the chief of the Chi, and that given to the chief of the Mang family." He also said, "I am old; I cannot use his doctrines." Confucius took his departure.

齐人归女乐。季桓子受之，三日不朝，孔子行。

The people of Ch'i sent to Lu a present of female musicians, which Chi Hwan received, and for three days no court was held. Confucius took his departure.

长沮，桀溺耦而耕。孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰，夫执舆者为谁。子路曰，为孔丘。曰，是鲁孔丘与。曰，是也。曰，是知津矣。问于桀溺，桀溺曰，子为谁。曰，为仲由。曰，是鲁孔丘之徒与。对曰，然。曰，滔滔者，天下皆是也，而谁以易之。且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉。耰而不辍。子路行以告，夫子怃然曰，鸟兽不可与同群。吾非斯人之徒与而谁与。天下有道，丘不与易也。

1. Ch'ang-tsu and Chieh-ni were at work in the field together, when Confucius passed by them, and sent Tsze-lu to inquire for the ford. 2. Ch'ang-tsu said, "Who is he that holds the reins in the carriage there?" Tsze-lu told him, "It is K'ung Ch'iu." "Is it not K'ung Ch'iu of Lu?" asked he. "Yes," was the reply, to which the other rejoined, "He knows the ford." 3. Tsze-lu then inquired of Chieh-ni, who said to him, "Who are you, sir?" He answered, "I am Chung Yu." "Are you not the disciple of K'ung Ch'iu of Lu?" asked the other. "I am," replied he, and then Chieh-ni said to him, "Disorder, like a swelling flood, spreads over the whole empire, and who is he that will change its state for you? Than follow one who merely withdraws from this one and that one, had you not better follow those who have withdrawn from the world altogether?" With this he fell to covering up the seed, and proceeded with his work, without stopping. 4. Tsze-lu went and reported their remarks, when the Master observed with a sigh, "It is impossible to associate with birds and beasts, as if they were the same with us. If I associate not with these people,—with mankind,—with whom shall I associate? If right principles prevailed through the empire, there would be no use for me to change its state."

周公谓鲁公曰，君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以，故旧无大故，则不弃也，无求备于一人。

The duke of Chau addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does not seek in one man talents for every employment."