Tang, King Wen, King Wu, and the Duke of Zhou

子入大庙，每事问。或曰，孰谓鄹人之子知礼乎，入大庙，每事问。子闻之曰，是礼也。

The Master, when he entered the grand temple, asked about everything. Some one said, "Who will say that the son of the man of Tsau knows the rules of propriety! He has entered the grand temple and asks about everything." The Master heard the remark, and said, "This is a rule of propriety."

子曰，甚矣吾衰也，久矣，吾不复梦见周公。

The Master said, "Extreme is my decay. For a long time, I have not dreamed, as I was wont to do, that I saw the duke of Chau."

子曰，如有周公之才之美，使骄且吝，其余不足观也已。

The Master said, "Though a man have abilities as admirable as those of the Duke of Chau, yet if he be proud and niggardly, those other things are really not worth being looked at."

舜有臣五人，而天下治。武王曰，予有乱臣十人。孔子曰，才难，不其然乎，唐虞之际，于斯为盛，有妇人焉，九人而已。三分天下有其二，以服事殷，周之德，其可谓至德也已矣。

1. Shun had five ministers, and the empire was well-governed. 2. King Wu said, "I have ten able ministers." 3. Confucius said, "Is not the saying that talents are difficult to find, true? Only when the dynasties of T'ang and Yu met, were they more abundant than in this of Chau, yet there was a woman among them. The able ministers were no more than nine men. 4. "King Wan possessed two of the three parts of the empire, and with those he served the dynasty of Yin. The virtue of the house of Chau may be said to have reached the highest point indeed."

子畏于匡。曰，文王既没，文不在兹乎。天之将丧斯文也，后死者不得与于斯文也，天之未丧斯文也，匡人其如予何。

1. The Master was put in fear in K'wang. 2. He said, "After the death of King Wan, was not the cause of truth lodged here in me? 3. "If Heaven had wished to let this cause of truth perish, then I, a future mortal, should not have got such a relation to that cause. While Heaven does not let the cause of truth perish, what can the people of K'wang do to me?"

食不厌精，脍不厌细。食饐而餲，鱼馁而肉败，不食，色恶不食，臭恶不食，失饪不食，不时不食。割不正不食，不得其酱不食。肉虽多，不使胜食气，惟酒无量，不及乱。沽酒市脯不食。不撤姜食。不多食。祭于公，不宿肉。祭肉不出三日，出三日，不食之矣。食不语，寝不言。虽疏食菜羹，瓜祭，必齐如也。

1. He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his minced meat cut quite small. 2. He did not eat rice which had been injured by heat or damp and turned sour, nor fish or flesh which was gone. He did not eat what was discoloured, or what was of a bad flavour, nor anything which was ill-cooked, or was not in season. 3. He did not eat meat which was not cut properly, nor what was served without its proper sauce. 4. Though there might be a large quantity of meat, he would not allow what he took to exceed the due proportion for the rice. It was only in wine that he laid down no limit for himself, but he did not allow himself to be confused by it. 5. He did not partake of wine and dried meat bought in the market. 6. He was never without ginger when he ate. 7. He did not eat much. 8. When he had been assisting at the prince's sacrifice, he did not keep the flesh which he received overnight. The flesh of his family sacrifice he did not keep over three days. If kept over three days, people could not eat it. 9. When eating, he did not converse. When in bed, he did not speak. 10. Although his food might be coarse rice and vegetable soup, he would offer a little of it in sacrifice with a grave, respectful air.

季氏富于周公，而求也为之聚敛而附益之。子曰，非吾徒也，小子，鸣鼓而攻之可也。

1. The head of the Chi family was richer than the duke of Chau had been, and yet Ch'iu collected his imposts for him, and increased his wealth. 2. The Master said, "He is no disciple of mine. My little children, beat the drum and assail him."

樊迟问仁。子曰，爱人。问知。子曰，知人。樊迟未达。子曰，擧直错诸枉，能使枉者直。樊迟退，见子夏曰，乡也，吾见于夫子而问知。子曰，擧直错诸枉，能使枉者直，何谓也。子夏曰，富哉言乎。舜有天下，选于众，擧皋陶，不仁者远矣，汤有天下，选于众，擧伊尹，不仁者远矣。

1. Fan Ch'ih asked about benevolence. The Master said, "It is to love all men." He asked about knowledge. The Master said, "It is to know all men." 2. Fan Ch'ih did not immediately understand these answers. 3. The Master said, "Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked;—in this way the crooked can be made to be upright." 4. Fan Ch'ih retired, and, seeing Tsze-hsia, he said to him, "A Little while ago, I had an interview with our Master, and asked him about knowledge. He said, "Employ the upright, and put aside all the crooked;—in this way, the crooked will be made to be upright." What did he mean?" 5. Tsze-hsia said, "Truly rich is his saying! 6. "Shun, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed Kao-yao, on which all who were devoid of virtue disappeared. T'ang, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed I Yin, and all who were devoid of virtue disappeared."

孔子曰，见善如不及，见不善如探汤。吾见其人矣，吾闻其语矣。隐居以成其志，行义以达其道。吾闻其语矣，未见其人也。

1. Confucius said, "Contemplating good, and pursuing it, as if they could not reach it; contemplating evil, and shrinking from it, as they would from thrusting the hand into boiling water:—I have seen such men, as I have heard such words. 2. "Living in retirement to study their aims, and practising

周公谓鲁公曰，君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以，故旧无大故，则不弃也，无求备于一人。

The duke of Chau addressed his son, the duke of Lu, saying, "The virtuous prince does not neglect his relations. He does not cause the great ministers to repine at his not employing them. Without some great cause, he does not dismiss from their offices the members of old families. He does not seek in one man talents for every employment."

卫公孙朝问于子贡曰，仲尼焉学。子贡曰，文，武之道，未坠于地，在人。贤者识其大者，不贤者识其小者，莫不有文，武之道焉。夫子焉不学。而亦何常师之有。

1. Kung-sun Ch'ao of Wei asked Tsze-kung, saying, "From whom did Chung-ni get his learning?" 2. Tsze-kung replied, "The doctrines of Wan and Wu have not yet fallen to the ground. They are to be found among men. Men of talents and virtue remember the greater principles of them, and others, not possessing such talents and virtue, remember the smaller. Thus, all possess the doctrines of Wan and Wu. Where could our Master go that he should not have an opportunity of learning them? And yet what necessity was there for his having a regular master?"

尧曰，咨。尔舜。天之历数在尔躬，允执其中。四海困穷，天禄永终。舜亦以命禹。曰，予小子履，敢用玄牡，敢昭告于皇皇后帝，有罪不敢赦。帝臣不蔽，简在帝心。朕躬有罪，无以万方，万方有罪，罪在朕躬。周有大赉，善人是富。虽有周亲，不如仁人，百姓有过，在予一人。谨权量，审法度，修废官，四方之政行焉。兴灭国，继绝世，举逸民，天下之民归心焉。所重，民，食，丧，祭。宽则得众，信则民任焉，敏则有功，公则说。

1. Yao said, "Oh! you, Shun, the Heaven-determined order of succession now rests in your person. Sincerely hold fast the due Mean. If there shall be distress and want within the four seas, the Heavenly revenue will come to a perpetual end." 2. Shun also used the same language in giving charge to Yu. 3. T'ang said, "I the child Li, presume to use a dark-coloured victim, and presume to announce to Thee, O most great and sovereign God, that the sinner I dare not pardon, and thy ministers, O God, I do not keep in obscurity. The examination of them is by thy mind, O God. If, in my person, I commit offences, they are not to be attributed to you, the people of the myriad regions. If you in the myriad regions commit offences, these offences must rest on my person." 4. Chau conferred great gifts, and the good were enriched. 5. "Although he has his near relatives, they are not equal to my virtuous men. The people are throwing blame upon me, the One man." 6. He carefully attended to the weights and measures, examined the body of the laws, restored the discarded officers, and the good government of the kingdom took its course. 7. He revived States that had been extinguished, restored families whose line of succession had been broken, and called to office those who had retired into obscurity, so that throughout the kingdom the hearts of the people turned towards him. 8. What he attached chief importance to, were the food of the people, the duties of mourning, and sacrifices. 9. By his generosity, he won all. By his sincerity, he made the people repose trust in him. By his earnest activity, his achievements were great. By his justice, all were delighted.