《论语》：先读原文，再理解译文与语境

子曰，学而时习之，不亦说乎。有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎。

1. The Master said, "Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? 2. "Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? 3. "Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him?"

学习、复习、交友与不愠被放在同一章，适合作为全书的阅读起点。

子曰，温故而知新，可以为师矣。

The Master said, "If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others."

“温故”与“知新”不是二选一，而是使旧知识持续生长。

子曰，由，诲女知之乎，知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。

The Master said, "Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;—this is knowledge."

把承认“不知道”纳入知识本身，直接回应求知中的诚实。

子曰，见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。

The Master said, "When we see men of worth, we should think of equalling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."

见贤与见不贤都转化为对自己的要求，而不是只评价别人。

子曰，三人行，必有我师焉，择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。

The Master said, "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them."

“三人行”完整章句同时包含从善与改过，不能只截取前半句。

子贡问曰，有一言，而可以终身行之者乎。子曰，其恕乎，己所不欲，勿施于人。

Tsze-kung asked, saying, "Is there one word which may serve as a rule of practice for all one's life?" The Master said, "Is not reciprocity such a word? What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."

“己所不欲”在此回答“一言而终身行之”，关键词是“恕”。